Top new cutting edge emerging technologies

This new year, as rightly predicted by the tech experts, is going to usher new emerging technologies into our lives. There would be major breakthroughs in technology this year be it the computing world or the world of latest gizmos which would make the life of the end consumers much easier. In this article, a list of the most important emerging technologies are discussed to keep you updated with the technical advancement and innovation going around you.
The human civilization is moving ahead leaps and bounces through regular new discoveries and researches in science and technology. The last couple of years has been a great example of this and eye-witnessed great progress in the way we use science and technology in our everyday lives. This new year, as expected, would not be an exception to this rule as several new discoveries in technology is going to take the world by sweep. We may rest assured that 2013 would usher a new era of emerging technologies for sure.

List of new emerging technologies 

Our modern world has made huge progress by the application of the latest emerging new technologies in every possible field. This new year, 2013, our world would be illuminated with some awesome new emerging technologies. New inventions in technology make our life simple, sophisticated and easy going. Here a brief analysis of some of these new emerging technologies is as given below:

1. The pivot power mini adapter: When we travel we carry our gadgets like mobile phones, laptops etc. along with us. The problem arises when we do not find any suitable place to charge our gizmos. It is this time the pivot mini adapter comes handy. The great characteristic feature of this adapter is that it transmutes a single electrical socket into four different outlets, that is, two power and two USB outlets. Moreover, it is completely collapsible and fits inside your luggage bag.


2. Google glasses: As Google has unveiled this fancy technology it opened a new frontier. This could also be termed a mini version of the computer technology or computer inside the glasses. Through this project of Google, all the necessary information would be displayed on the glasses like that of a computer or a smart phone and that too in a very quick span of time. A user can share photos, video chat and even surf the internet. One could do almost everything right from viewing the maps on the glasses. At present the testing or experimental use is going on and it can be achieved commercially by the end of this year. This needs to be worn on the head and on the right side of the device there is a small display. Since the glasses are powered by the Google's Android Operating system, one may also view videos with ease. Together with this there are also the e-mail facility and one also has the options to shoot videos or photographs on the go. In future, some other salient features like calling and messaging would also be added into this.


3. The think-pad X131e: It is a Google chrome based chrome-book announced by the Lenovo. If we go by popularity, Lenovo is the second largest PC manufacturer and it has released this laptop especially for the students genre. It boasts of a display of 11.6 inches, that is, 1366 x 768 screen. It runs on an Intel processor and has three three USB ports. Besides, its rugged design and hard corners can manage the wear and tear. When fully charged it would last almost 6.5 hours which would save the students from the headache of frequent recharging. To put it simply, it would give an excellent computing experience to the schools and educational institutions where security is the key. It does not require any antivirus to be installed in the system and would give access to thousands of applications on the go. It would be available starting from February 26, 2013.


4. iPhone 6.1: This new year Apple has successfully conducted tests on the new iPhone operating system but this has been done secretly. The iPhone 6.1 has iOS 7, fancy identifier features and enhancements to take us by sweep. In 2013, the new iPhone would come in several versions. This for sure would create more customers thriving on iPhones. The tech experts hope that the Apple 5.1 and Apple 5.2 models to be launched very soon. These would have the Apple iOS 6 operating systems. According to the predictions of the technical experts, the new iPhone is coming out in the next March. Apple fans are waiting for this moment with a throbbing heart.


5. Google maps in cars: Kia motors have signed up a new contract with Google to use the search maps and web services in the dashboards of the cars. Kia motors has got the permission to integrate the Google services into its UVO services navigation. Due to the combination of this technology, voice directions could be conveyed to the cars and commands could be given with the help of smart phones. The KIA motors have opted for Google maps and its services because of the popularity and reliability of Google when it comes about technology
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6. Ubantu mobile operating system: The software company, Canonical, has announced the linux based Ubantu mobile operating system for smart phones. Smartphones run on Android operating system but now there is another operating system called the ubantu for the end users. This is an alternative to the Android operating system and are expected to be faster than the android and iOS operating system. It is expected that the Samsung galaxy nexus would run the ubantu operating system. Besides, other big mobile manufacturers are also considering to use the new operating system on their devices. This operating system could run applications with the help of voice command because of the availability of the voice command operating system.

Look at these coming Technology That May Change The World

we all know that technology is changing day by day,but now we are in digital world,everyday we see new things gadgets and technology,now today i will let you know the technologies coming these days that can change our world to a different level , Technology will get even better. In the future, we could live like how people in science fiction movies did.

 1. Google Glass Augmented Reality has already gotten into our life in the forms of simulated experiment and education app, but Google is taking it several steps higher with Google Glass. Theoretically, with Google Glass, you are able to view social media feeds, text, Google Maps, as well as navigate with GPS and take photos. You will also get the latest updates while you are on the ground.

It’s truly what we called vision, and it’s absolutely possible given the fact that the Google’s co-founder, Sergey Brin has demo’ed the glass with skydivers and creatives. Currently the device is only available to some developers with the price tag of $1500, but expect other tech companies trying it out and building an affordable consumer version.

 2. Form 1 Just as the term suggests, 3D printing is the technology that could forge your digital design into a solid real-life product. It’s nothing new for the advanced mechanical industry, but a personal 3D printer is definitely a revolutionary idea. Everybody can create their own physical product based on their custom design, and no approval needed from any giant manufacturer! Even the James Bond’s Aston Martin which was crashed in the movie was a 3D printed product! Form 1 is one such personal 3D printer which can be yours at just $2799. It may sound like a high price but to have the luxury of getting producing your own prototypes, that’s a reasonable price. Imagine a future where every individual professional has the capability to mass produce their own creative physical products without limitation. This is the future where personal productivity and creativity are maximized.

 3. Oculus Rift Virtual Reality gaming is here in the form of Oculus Rift. This history-defining 3D headset lets you mentally feel that you are actually inside a video game. In the Rift’s virtual world, you could turn your head around with ultra-low latency to view the world in high resolution display. There are premium products in the market that can do the same, but Rift wants you to enjoy the experience at only $300, and the package even comes as a development kit. This is the beginning of the revolution for next-generation gaming. The timing is perfect as the world is currently bombarded with the virtual reality topic that could also be attributed to Sword Art Online, the anime series featuring the characters playing games in an entirely virtual world. While we’re getting there, it could take a few more years to reach that level of realism. Oculus Rift is our first step.

 4. Leap Motion Multi-touch desktop is a (miserably) failed product due to the fact that hands could get very tired with prolonged use, but Leap Motion wants to challenge this dark area again with a more advanced idea. It lets you control the desktop with fingers, but without touching the screen. It’s not your typical motion sensor, as Leap Motion allows you to scroll the web page, zoom in the map and photos, sign documents and even play a first person shooter game with only hand and finger movements. The smooth reaction is the most crucial key point here. More importantly, you can own this future with just $70, a price of a premium PS3 game title! If this device could completely work with Oculus Rift to simulate a real-time gaming experience, gaming is going to get a major make-over.

 5. Eye Tribe Eye tracking has been actively discussed by technology enthusiasts throughout these years, but it’s really challenging to implement. But Eye Tribe actually did this. They successfully created the technology to allow you to control your tablet, play flight simulator, and even slice fruits in Fruit Ninja only with your eye movements. It’s basically taking the common eye-tracking technology and combining it with a front-facing camera plus some serious computer-vision algorithm, and voila, fruit slicing done with the eyes! A live demo was done in LeWeb this year and we may actually be able to see it in in action in mobile devices in 2013. Currently the company is still seeking partnership to bring this sci-fi tech into the consumer market but you and I know that this product is simply too awesome to fail.

 6. Smart Things The current problem that most devices have is that they function as a standalone being, and it require effort for tech competitors to actually partner with each other and build products that can truly connect with each other. Smart Things is here to make your every device, digital or non-digital, connect together and benefit you. With Smart Things you can get your smoke alarms, humidity, pressure and vibration sensors to detect changes in your house and alert you through your smartphone! Imagine the possibilities with this. You could track who’s been inside your house, turn on the lights while you’re entering a room, shut windows and doors when you leave the house, all with the help of something that only costs $500! Feel like a tech lord in your castle with this marvel.

 7. Firefox OS iOS and Android are great, but they each have their own rules and policies that certainly inhibit the creative efforts of developers. Mozilla has since decided to build a new mobile operating system from scratch, one that will focus on true openness, freedom and user choice. It’s Firefox OS. Firefox OS is built on Gonk, Gecko and Gaia software layers – for the rest of us, it means it is built on open source, and it carries web technologies such as HTML5 and CSS3. Developers can create and debut web apps without the blockade of requirements set by app stores, and users could even customize the OS based on their needs. Currently the OS has made its debut on Android-compatible phones, and the impression so far, is great. You can use the OS to do essential tasks you do on iOS or Android: calling friends, browsing web, taking photos, playing games, they are all possible on Firefox OS, set to rock the smartphone market.

 8. Project Fiona Meet the first generation of the gaming tablet. Razer’s Project Fiona is a serious gaming tablet built for hardcore gaming. Once it’s out, it will be the frontier for the future tablets, as tech companies might want to build their own tablets, dedicated towards gaming, but for now Fiona is the only possible one that will debut in 2013. This beast features next generation Intel® Core i7 processor geared to render all your favorite PC games, all at the palm of your hands. Crowned as the best gaming accessories manufacturer, Razer clearly knows how to build user experience straight into the tablet, and that means 3-axis gyro, magnetometer, accelerometer and full-screen user interface supporting multi-touch. My body and soul are ready.

most weirdest physics facts, from relativity to quantum physics

Physics is weird. There is no denying that. Particles that don’t exist except as probabilities; time that changes according to how fast you’re moving; cats that are both alive and dead until you open a box. We’ve put together a collection of 10 of the strangest facts we can find, with the kind help of cosmologist and writer Marcus Chown, author of We Need To Talk About Kelvin, and an assortment of Twitter users. The humanities-graduate writer of this piece would like to stress that this is his work, so any glaring factual errors he has included are his own as well. If you spot any, feel free to point them out in the comment box below. Equally, if you feel we’ve missed any of your favourite physics weirdnesses off the list, do tell us that as well. If the Sun were made of bananas, it would be just as hot The Sun is hot, as the more astute of you will have noticed. It is hot because its enormous weight – about a billion billion billion tons – creates vast gravity, putting its core under colossal pressure. Just as a bicycle pump gets warm when you pump it, the pressure increases the temperature. Enormous pressure leads to enormous temperature. If, instead of hydrogen, you got a billion billion billion tons of bananas and hung it in space, it would create just as much pressure, and therefore just as high a temperature. So it would make very little difference to the heat whether you made the Sun out of hydrogen, or bananas, or patio furniture. Edit: this might be a little confusing. The heat caused by the internal pressure would be similar to that of our Sun. However, if it's not made of hydrogen, the fusion reaction that keeps it going wouldn't get under way: so a banana Sun would rapidly cool down from its initial heat rather than burning for billions of years. Thanks to people who pointed this out. All the matter that makes up the human race could fit in a sugar cube Atoms are 99.9999999999999 per cent empty space. As Tom Stoppard put it: "Make a fist, and if your fist is as big as the nucleus of an atom, then the atom is as big as St Paul's, and if it happens to be a hydrogen atom, then it has a single electron flitting about like a moth in an empty cathedral, now by the dome, now by the altar." If you forced all the atoms together, removing the space between them, crushing them down so the all those vast empty cathedrals were compressed into the first-sized nuclei, a single teaspoon or sugar cube of the resulting mass would weigh five billion tons; about ten times the weight of all the humans who are currently alive. Incidentally, that is exactly what has happened in a neutron star, the super-dense mass left over after a certain kind of supernova. Events in the future can affect what happened in the past The weirdness of the quantum world is well documented. The double slit experiment, showing that light behaves as both a wave and a particle, is odd enough – particularly when it is shown that observing it makes it one or the other. But it gets stranger. According to an experiment proposed by the physicist John Wheeler in 1978 and carried out by researchers in 2007, observing a particle now can change what happened to another one – in the past. According to the double slit experiment, if you observe which of two slits light passes through, you force it to behave like a particle. If you don’t, and observe where it lands on a screen behind the slits, it behaves like a wave. But if you wait for it to pass through the slit, and then observe which way it came through, it will retroactively force it to have passed through one or the other. In other words, causality is working backwards: the present is affecting the past. Of course in the lab this only has an effect over indescribably tiny fractions of a second. But Wheeler suggested that light from distant stars that has bent around a gravitational well in between could be observed in the same way: which could mean that observing something now and changing what happened thousands, or even millions, of years in the past. Almost all of the Universe is missing There are probably more than 100 billion galaxies in the cosmos. Each of those galaxies has between 10 million and a trillion stars in it. Our sun, a rather small and feeble star (a “yellow dwarf”, indeed), weighs around a billion billion billion tons, and most are much bigger. There is an awful lot of visible matter in the Universe. But it only accounts for about two per cent of its mass. We know there is more, because it has gravity. Despite the huge amount of visible matter, it is nowhere near enough to account for the gravitational pull we can see exerted on other galaxies. The other stuff is called “dark matter”, and there seems to be around six times as much as ordinary matter. To make matters even more confusing, the rest is something else called “dark energy”, which is needed to explain the apparent expansion of the Universe. Nobody knows what dark matter or dark energy is. Things can travel faster than light; and light doesn’t always travel very fast The speed of light in a vacuum is a constant: 300,000km a second. However, light does not always travel through a vacuum. In water, for example, photons travel at around three-quarters that speed. In nuclear reactors, some particles are forced up to very high speeds, often within a fraction of the speed of light. If they are passing through an insulating medium that slows light down, they can actually travel faster than the light around them. When this happens, they cause a blue glow, known as “Cherenkov radiation ”, which is (sort of) comparable to a sonic boom but with light. This is why nuclear reactors glow in the dark. Incidentally, the slowest light has ever been recorded travelling was 17 meters per second – about 38 miles an hour – through rubidium cooled to almost absolute zero, when it forms a strange state of matter called a Bose-Einstein condensate. Light has also been brought to a complete stop in the same fashion, but since that wasn't moving at all, we didn't feel we could describe that as "the slowest it has been recorded travelling". There are an infinite number of mes writing this, and an infinite number of yous reading it According to the current standard model of cosmology, the observable universe – containing all the billions of galaxies and trillions upon trillions of stars mentioned above – is just one of an infinite number of universes existing side-by-side, like soap bubbles in a foam. Because they are infinite, every possible history must have played out. But more than that, the number of possible histories is finite, because there have been a finite number of events with a finite number of outcomes. The number is huge, but it is finite. So this exact event, where this author writes these words and you read them, must have happened an infinite number of times. Even more amazingly, we can work out how far away our nearest doppelganger is. It is, to put it mildly, a large distance: 10 to the power of 10 to the power of 28 meters. That number, in case you were wondering, is one followed by 10 billion billion billion zeroes Black holes aren’t black They’re very dark, sure, but they aren’t black. They glow, slightly, giving off light across the whole spectrum, including visible light. This radiation is called “Hawking radiation”, after the former Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge University Stephen Hawking, who first proposed its existence. Because they are constantly giving this off, and therefore losing mass, black holes will eventually evaporate altogether if they don’t have another source of mass to sustain them; for example interstellar gas or light. Smaller black holes are expected to emit radiation faster compared to their mass than larger ones, so if – as some theories predict – the Large Hadron Collider creates minuscule holes through particle collisions, they will evaporate almost immediately. Scientists would then be able to observe their decay through the radiation. The fundamental description of the universe does not account for a past, present or future According to the special theory of relativity, there is no such thing as a present, or a future, or a past. Time frames are relative: I have one, you have one, the third planet of Gliese 581 has one. Ours are similar because we are moving at similar speeds. If we were moving at very different speeds, we would find that one of us aged quicker than the other. Similarly, if one of us was closer than the other to a major gravity well like the Earth, we would age slower than someone who wasn’t. GPS satellites, of course, are both moving quickly and at significant distances from Earth. So their internal clocks show a different time to the receivers on the ground. A lot of computing power has to go into making your sat-nav work around the theory of special relativity. A particle here can affect one on the other side of the universe, instantaneously When an electron meets its antimatter twin, a positron, the two are annihilated in a tiny flash of energy. Two photons fly away from the blast. Subatomic particles like photons and quarks have a quality known as “spin”. It’s not that they’re really spinning – it’s not clear that would even mean anything at that level – but they behave as if they do. When two are created simultaneously the direction of their spin has to cancel each other out: one doing the opposite of the other. Due to the unpredictability of quantum behaviour, it is impossible to say in advance which will go “anticlockwise” and the other “clockwise”. More than that, until the spin of one is observed, they are both doing both. It gets weirder, however. When you do observe one, it will suddenly be going clockwise or anticlockwise. And whichever way it is going, its twin will start spinning the other way, instantly, even if it is on the other side of the universe. This has actually been shown to happen in experiment (albeit on the other side of a laboratory, not a universe). The faster you move, the heavier you get If you run really fast, you gain weight. Not permanently, or it would make a mockery of diet and exercise plans, but momentarily, and only a tiny amount. Light speed is the speed limit of the universe. So if something is travelling close to the speed of light, and you give it a push, it can’t go very much faster. But you’ve given it extra energy, and that energy has to go somewhere. Where it goes is mass. According to relativity, mass and energy are equivalent. So the more energy you put in, the greater the mass becomes. This is negligible at human speeds – Usain Bolt is not noticeably heavier when running than when still – but once you reach an appreciable fraction of the speed of light, your mass starts to increase rapidly.

Facts that look like lies but are true

1. The Ottoman Empire’s Sultan Ibrahim I had 280 of his concubines drowned in the ocean after one of them slept with another man.

2. In medieval times people were put to death for being witches. One anthropologist conjectures as many as 600,000 “witches” lost their lives.

3. Mexican General Santa Anna had an elaborate state funeral for his amputated leg.

4. Tens of thousands of baby girls were abandoned each year in China because of the country’s one-child policy.

5. Before the mid-19th century dentures were commonly made with teeth pulled from the mouths of dead soldiers.

6. Roman Emperor Gaius made his beloved horse a senator. 

7. Ice age Britons used skulls of the dead as cups.

8. After Pope Gregory IX associated cats with devil worship, cats throughout Europe were exterminated in droves.

9. This sudden lack of cats led to the spread of disease because infected rats ran free. The most devastating of these diseases, the Bubonic Plague, killed 100 million people.

10. The Aztecs made human sacrifices to the gods. In 1487, at the dedication of the temple in Tenochtitlan, 20,000 people were put to death.

11. The Mayans also made sacrifices. The most common involved pulling a still-beating heart out of a victim’s chest.

12. In the 13th century 30,000 children went on what is known as the Children’s Crusade. They were convinced God would allow them to take back the Holy Land without incident, but most died on the journey or were sold into slavery. 

13. In ancient Egypt, servants were smeared with honey in order to attract flies away from the pharaoh.

14. Upon dying, some pharaohs were sealed into their tombs alongside their living servants, pets, and concubines.

15. The Romans used human urine as mouthwash.

16. In 1788 the Austrian army attacked itself and lost 10,000 men.

17. Before becoming pope, Pius II wrote a popular erotic book, The Tale of Two Lovers.

18. People were buried alive so often in the 19th century that inventors patented safety coffins that would give the “dead” the ability to alert those above ground if they were still alive.
 

19. Approximately 750,000 men died in the Civil War, which was more than 2.5% of America’s population at the time.

20. In Medieval times the accused often faced a “trial by ordeal,” where they were forced to stick their arm into a vat of boiling water. If their arm emerged unscathed, it was believed God protected them, thus proving their innocence.

Many facts that you should know

1. "Almost" is the longest word in the English language with all the letters in alphabetical order.
2. "Rhythm" is the longest English word without a vowel.

3. In 1386, a pig in France was executed by public hanging for the murder of a child

4. A cockroach can live several weeks with its head cut off!

5. Human thigh bones are stronger than concrete.

6. You can't kill yourself by holding your breath

7. There is a city called Rome on every continent.

8. It's against the law to have a pet dog in Iceland!

9. Your heart beats over 100,000 times a day!

 
10. Horatio Nelson, one of England's most illustrious admirals was throughout his life, never able to find a cure for his sea-sickness.

11. The skeleton of Jeremy Bentham is present at all important meetings of  the University of London

12. Right handed people live, on average, nine years longer than left-handed people

13. Your ribs move about 5 million times a year, everytime you breathe!

14. The elephant is the only mammal  that can't jump!

15. One quarter of the bones in your body, are in your feet!

16. Like fingerprints, everyone's tongue print is different!

17. The first known transfusion of blood was performed as early as 1667, when  Jean-Baptiste, transfused two pints of blood from a sheep to a young man

18. Fingernails grow nearly 4 times faster than toenails!

19. Most dust particles in your house are made from dead skin!

20. The present population of 5 billion plus people of the world is predicted to become  15 billion by 2080.

21. Women blink nearly twice as much as men.

22.  Honey is the only food that does not spoil. Honey found in the tombs of Egyptian  pharaohs has been tasted by archaeologists and found edible.

23. Months that begin on a Sunday will always have a "Friday the 13th."
Coca-Cola would be green if colouring weren’t added to it.

24. On average a hedgehog's  heart beats 300 times a minute.

25. More people are killed each year from bees than from snakes.

26. The average lead pencil will draw a line 35 miles long or write approximately 50,000 English words.

27. More people are allergic to cow's milk than any other food.

28. Camels have three eyelids to protect themselves from blowing sand.

29. The placement of a donkey's eyes in its' heads enables it to see all four feet at all times!

30. The six official languages of the United Nations are: English, French, Arabic, Chinese, Russian and Spanish.

Make Your Money Work for You,here is card back app review

Here we have reviewed cardback app.we have found some different aspects about this,as technology is changing rapidly.You know that your credit and debit cards include all sorts of loyalty programs and special discounts when you shop at select stores or restaurants. But did you actually read through those documents that come from the bank, to figure out where the best deals are? And even if you did that, unless you go out specially to take advantage of a scheme, will you remember all the deals the next time you go shopping?
If you carry two or three cards in your wallet then do you know which one you should be using when you're making a purchase? Or do you just pull out the same card every time because it's simpler? Cardback, by Delhi based Orangut Labs, wants to make it easier to maximise the benefits of your cards.



















Just check the app before making a purchase, and it will recommend the best card to use. It shows you the reward you're getting, and you can compare this with the rewards you'll get for using your other cards as well. Cardback is not involved in the transactions in any way - you feed in the information about the purchase, and it just goes through your list of cards to find the one with the best deals available. This doesn't require any information about your card either, so there's no safety concern.
Instead, you just add cards by selecting the bank and the card type and then Cardback checks what deals the banks are offering for these particular cards, to see what will give you the biggest reward.
Currently, the app has retailer information for Delhi-NCR, Mumbai, and Bengaluru. It has support for over 600 different cards, which includes credit, debit, prepaid and royalty cards across 10 major banks and providers. It also supports Paytm mobile wallets. Since the app doesn't take any information from you other than the name of the bank and the type of card you're using, it is also safe to use.
The interface is clutter free - there are three subheads you can tap on, which are all neatly designed. These are Explorer (to find deals in nearby shops by category), Smartpay (to check a payment), and Cardholder (where you can add your cards).
On the Smart Pay screen, you just enter the amount you wish to spend, and then enter the name of the merchant. It will search nearby merchants and show you a drop down list to tap on. Then, click done and it will display the best card, and the offer available on it. You can tap on the button under this to see the rewards on your other cards as well.
Over the course of a few days, we used the app to check before making payments to Foodpanda, at Big Bazaar, and at a petrol pump. Only the first payment was online, and that's where the app was most convenient to use. That's because it takes a little time to start up, and if you're holding up a queue in a petrol pump while you decide which card to use for a payment, then Cardback is too slow to use. In real world situations, you should figure out the card to use before you get in line to pay.
In the Explorer section you can select between nine categories including dining, fuel, utility bills and you'll see a list of nearby merchants, along with the best card and offer available. In the Cardholder section, you can add cards or see the savings you've built up on each card since you started using the app. The app can also send notifications based on your location information with information on the offers running nearby, and the best card to use for them.
While the app's design is simple and easy to follow for the most part, the Explorer screen starts the categories grid right under the subheads, covering up the top three icons for eating out, shopping and travel. The rest of the design doesn't have any issues.
There are a couple of issues with the way the app works as well. For one thing, it requires a huge number of permissions - the reasons for these are all explained and are understandable, but it is still something we are not entirely comfortable with. A few more manual inputs, instead of the automatic convenience on offer, might have been worth it for less permissions. The other issue is stability. While the app usually worked, it would hang and crash every now and then, and coupled with the long boot time of the app, this was a major inconvenience.
These caveats aside, we liked Cardback. The design is appealing, and the app is intuitive. The problem it solves isn't a huge one, but if you can save a little money by using a free app, then why not?
Cardback is free, and available on iOS, Android and Windows Phone

It Seems, Water Is Everywhere in Solar System

As far we had found that there are very few places in our solar system where water exists.but now these days latest study shows that everywhere in our solar system water exist and it could be in huge amount.Oceans trapped under ice appear to be pretty common in the solar system and one of them, on a small moon of Saturn's, appears to be quite hot.
This week in the journal Nature, an international team of scientists reported evidence for hydrothermal vents on the Saturnian moon Enchiladas, with temperatures of its rocky core surpassing 194 degrees Fahrenheit (90 degrees Celsius) in spots. The discovery, if confirmed, would make Enchiladas the only place other than Earth where such chemical reactions between rock and heated water are known to be occurring today - and for many scientists, it would make Enchiladas a most promising place to look for life.

"The most surprising part is the high temperature," said Hsiang-Wen Hsu, a scientist at the University of Colorado's Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics and lead author of the paper. "But that's the number we could derive."
Meanwhile, in a paper published Thursday in The Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, another team reported signs of another under-ice ocean, on Ganymede, the largest of Jupiter's moons. Scientists are already convinced that there is a large ocean, also covered by ice, on another Jovian moon, Europa. Nasa Galileo spacecraft had also found hints of hidden water on Ganymede and on another of Jupiter's moons, Callisto.

The new research, using the Hubble Space Telescope, fits with the earlier hints. "This is now stronger evidence for an ocean," said Joachim Saur, a professor of geophysics at the University of Cologne in Germany and the lead author of the Ganymede paper.
"Surprising is the understatement," Christopher P. McKay, a planetary scientist at the Nasa Ames Research Center in Mountain View, California, said of the multitude of watery moons.
"After spending so many years going after Mars, which is so dry and so bereft of organics and so just plain dead, it's wonderful to go to the outer solar system and find water, water everywhere," said McKay, who studies the possibility of life on alien worlds. He was not involved in either of the papers.
For the Enceladus findings, Hsu and his colleagues based their conclusions on minuscule dust particles that Nasa's Cassini spacecraft encountered as it approached Saturn and after it entered orbit. Instruments on Cassini determined that the particles, less than a millionth of an inch in diameter, were high in silicon but had little or no metals like sodium or magnesium. Hsu said the dust was probably silica, a molecule of one silicon and two oxygen atoms, the building block of the mineral quartz.
The researchers were also able to trace the dust to Saturn's E Ring, and the material in the E Ring originates from Enceladus, from plumes that emanate near the moon's south pole. "That's the circumstantial part of the work," Hsu acknowledged.
They performed laboratory experiments to see which conditions could produce the silica particles. The result was alkaline water, with a pH of 8.5 to 10.5, heated to at least 194 degrees. The results fit in with findings last year by other scientists who suggested that Enceladus concealed not just pockets of water but a sea at least as large as Lake Superior.
The mystery is how the interior of Enceladus, just 313 miles wide, grows that hot. A moon that small probably does not have enough radioactive elements at its core to provide continued warmth. A chemical reaction between water and rock called serpentinization could also provide some heat, but the primary mechanism is probably the tidal forces that Saturn exerts on Enceladus.
"The amount of energy being dissipated currently, as well as the location of heating, is not well understood," said Terry A. Hurford, a scientist at Nasa's Goddard Space Flight Center in Maryland. "So it is possible that heating can bring water to those temperatures locally."
The earlier evidence for an ocean on Ganymede came from magnetic measurements during flybys by the Galileo probe, which suggested a conductive layer below the surface. Ice is not a good conductor. Saltwater is. But the readings could also be explained by oddities in Ganymede's magnetic field.
In the new research, the Hubble telescope scrutinized Ganymede for seven hours. It could not see below the surface, but it observed the shimmering lights of Ganymede's auroras. As Jupiter rotates, once every 10 hours, its changing magnetic field causes the auroras to sway. If Ganymede were frozen, computer simulations showed, its aurora would sway by 6 degrees. But the salts of an under-ice ocean would generate a counteracting magnetic field, and the auroras would sway by only 2 degrees.
The auroras swayed 2 degrees. "It was exactly like all our computer modeling and all our theory predicted," Saur said. "It was right on."
The scientists are now applying the approach to Io, a fiery world that certainly does not have an ocean of water. But it might have an underground ocean of magma that would similarly dampen the swaying of auroras. The technique could one day be used to explore planets around distant stars and see if they, too, might have oceans.
As a place for life, Ganymede is less promising, because the ocean looks to be sandwiched between layers of ice and not in contact with rock. By contrast, Enceladus appears to possess all of the necessary ingredients - heat, liquid water and organic molecules - and a future probe could analyze the water by simply flying through the plumes.

Pinterest Revamps 'Pin It' Button, Makes Bookmarking Faster

Since its launch five years ago, Pinterest has been a destination for dreaming about the future. But Pinterest wants to be much more than the place to discover clothes, vacations, articles and recipes. In a redesign of its “Pin It” browser button, rolled out on Thursday, the site cut the number of clicks required to pin items on desktops in half.
Pinterest product manager Cesar Isern said in an interview that the rollout is the biggest revamp to the Pin It button in years. Making a pin now requires two clicks on desktops, down from four, and it’s easier to create and find boards. The San Francisco-based firm raised $367 million earlier this year, giving the site a valuation of $11 billion. The change is part of a larger effort by Pinterest to make it easier to save content, and ultimately, go back to it.
“A small change like this definitely has a big effect,” said lead Pinterest product designer Albert Pereta in an interview. “Once you make pinning and saving faster, people start creating more boards, they start to follow more people, they get better content because it makes the whole process seamless.”

The social network won’t speak to speculation that the service might launch a buy button sometime this year, said spokesperson Malorie Lucich. However, the company has said repeatedly that it wants to make pins more actionable. Following that theme, last month, the social network made it possible to install iOS apps from Apple AAPL +0.85%’s App Store directly from Pinterest through a service called App Pins.
“At Pinterest, we are focusing more and more on bridging the gap between discovery, save and do,” said Isern. “What we are seeing is the reason people save that content is the motivation… to act upon that content.”
 

In December, eMarketer predicted that global web sales in 2015 would increase nearly 21% from 2014 to about $1.59 trillion, and there is little doubt that Pinterest wants to become a bigger e-commerce player. About 80% of all pinning currently occurs on mobile, but about half of original pinning is done on desktop, said Isern. To date, 50 billion Pins have been made on Pinterest, saved onto more than 1 billion boards, said Lucich.

The update to the Pin It button came out of Pinterest’s “Save” team, which it grew out of its 2014 acquisition of Icebergs, a visual organization startup. Later this month, Pinterest will probably deliver more “features and products” to enable action on the platform, said Isern.

What Happens When You Try to Fool Customers

If past years provide any indication, many companies will try to generate some buzz this April Fool’s Day with pranks, gags, and stunts.  But some companies actually try to fool customers all year long.  And unlike humorous, harmless, short-lived practical jokes, their actions can cause real damage.  They destroy customer trust, damage brand equity, and sometimes lead to costly legal battles.
Companies behaving badly
Take, for example, how airlines try to conceal how they’re shrinking seat sizes.  Many U.S. carriers have replaced old, bulky seats for “slimline” models, reduced the space between seats, and made aisles narrower.  Even the seats on Southwest’s 737s have thinner seatback magazine pockets and Alaska Airlines’ have slightly smaller tray tables.   Airlines have thought customers wouldn’t notice these changes because they’ve made video screens larger and installed new headrests, but anyone who’s been on a plane recently most certainly feels the squeeze and resents it.

Then there are consumer packaged goods brands that shrink their packaging but maintain their pricing.  A few years ago Consumer Reports found manufacturers downsizing packaging by as much as 20% but still charging the same price.  Haagen-Dazs ice cream “pints” shrank from 16 oz. to 14 oz. and Tropicana’s orange juice “gallons” from 64 oz. to 59 oz.  Companies often hide their size-reducing techniques, changing the dimension of a product’s depth while maintaining its height and width so it appears the same on the shelf, or indenting the bottom of containers, or filling bags with more air.  Customers may initially fall for the trick when buying a product (the “first moment of truth”) but end up disappointed when consuming it (the equally important second.)
Healthy-sounding claims is another sneaky corporate tactic.  Terms like “multi-grain,” “seven grain,” and “wheat” may make products sound healthy, but they may not actually contain heart-healthy whole grains.  “Farm-fresh” and “all-natural” are frequently used on egg containers to make them seem different or better, but they mean nothing.  Products, like Frito-Lay’s Tostitos and Fisher’s Nuts, that never had gluten in them have been marketed as “gluten-free.”  As more people become more educated about healthy eating, the less likely these foolish tactics will work.
Department stores are notorious for trying to fool people into thinking they’re getting a discount.  Using a high-low pricing strategy, they mark-up a product when they first bring it in to the store or during a high demand period so that the price tag reflects an inflated price.  Then they systematically use sales, discounts, and coupons to attract people’s attention and drive purchases.  They think people will compare the price to other items not on sale and buy it, without realizing that the “sale” price is merely a perception. But most customers are smarter than that.

And one positive outcome of Ron Johnson’s failed strategy at J.C. Penney was consumer education.  In a 2012 public presentation, he reported that the company was selling fewer than one out of every 500 items at full price. Customers were receiving an average discount of 60%, up from 38% ten years earlier — but they weren’t actually saving more. The average price paid by customers had stayed about the same; what changed was the initial price, which had increased by 33%.  It’s no wonder why customers, armed with this information thanks to the news coverage, were reluctant to return to J.C. Penney when it resumed its high-low pricing strategy.

Robots and Real-World Variability: When Change Happens, Adapt

How long did it take you to get to work today? Me? A 12 mile trip took about 45 minutes. My daughter’s bus was running a little late. My son forgot to pack his backpack last night – what a surprise. Construction workers had taken over my “secret” cut-through. And one of the elevators in my office building was out. Again.
Most days, barring a major accident, I get into the office about when I expect, plus or minus 10 minutes. Could I eliminate the variability in my commute time? Sure. Live at work. But most days, I find ways to navigate the obstacles in my path.
Like my daily commute, there is variation in manufacturing. Raw materials from suppliers may not be exactly the same from batch to batch. Multiple pieces of equipment making the same part are not identical. The performance characteristics of parts they produce vary over time. In manufacturing parlance, these are often called common cause variations. Simply put, the real world is full of variability.

Navigating the streets of Boston during rush hour

This ever-present variability challenges robots in manufacturing. For years, robots have required that everything around them be bolted down so that the environment in which they work is always controlled and exactly the same. Traditional robots can only pick a part from precisely the same place – every time. And put it back down, precisely in the same way, in the same place – every time. Any variation in the placement of the part or the path along which the robot moves the part and the robot simply stops working.
This inability to deal with variability is, in large part, the reason why as much as 90 percent of manufacturing tasks have not been automated. I recently visited a contract manufacturer in Guadalajara, Mexico, where except for the surface-mount technology machines, the equipment was on wheels. Spiders were going up and down the lines bringing parts and taking away assemblies. Production runs last only a few months or even a few weeks. The variability in these environments severely limits the practical application of traditional robots.

And for large-scale implementations of traditional robotics solutions, the inflexibility has significant implications on the ability of the manufacturer to recover the investment. I’ve walked through plants, where the plant manager can point out what product line a given piece of automation was created for and when the last time it produced anything was. One of the automation guys I know calls these “monuments” – they aren’t much more than historical infrastructure. He has a sign posted in his office, “No Monuments.”

No longer. A new breed of smart, collaborative robots are coming online that approach variability in a different way. Rather than assume a perfect world, which can come at the expense of flexibility and agility, these robots can accommodate the changes and normal fluctuations that exist in most modern manufacturing environments.

Advances in hardware and software are making it possible for robots to work seamlessly, cost-effectively and with little integration time, in semi-structured environments. These robots understand the context of the task being performed and possess the cognitive and mechanical abilities to deliver that task. Like their human counterparts, collaborative robots are trained to do a task rather than be programmed to move an object from point A to point B via path Y. When change in the environment inevitably occurs, focus remains on the task at hand and getting the job done.
In these environments, there are two dimensions for which the robot must be optimized. The first is time. Robots must be able synchronize motion and task with machines and people through signals or directly with sensors. It’s this ability that makes it possible for the robot to collaborate with people – who work at varying paces, who tackle things differently and who need a “colleague” able to accommodate the unpredictability and variability that people bring to the environment.
The second dimension is space. While parts are expected to be presented in an organized fashion, these robots are able to accommodate a few centimeters of variability in part placement and tolerate changes in general location.
Robots today are able to:

• Use embedded vision to dynamically monitor workspaces designed for humans and adapt to changes to the work cell, such as a bumped table or misaligned cart on wheels
• Alter robot motion path planning in real-time to accommodate unexpected obstacles, as demonstrated in the video below
• Use mechanical compliance to flex parts into position despite irregularities in pick and position placement without damaging the part, the fixture or the robot

These advances mark the beginning of a new era, where robots are able to move beyond assembling the same item for a long time and in volumes large enough to justify the high cost and semi-permanence of the infrastructure. These smarter and more capable robots are working in the real, imperfect and highly variable world and changing manufacturers’ mindsets about where and how automation can delivery real value.